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This article starts with a case outlining ethical challenges encountered in participatory action research (PAR) on vaccine hesitancy in rural India during Covid-19. Community researchers were recruited by a not-for-profit organisation, with the aim of both discovering the reasons for vaccine hesitancy and encouraging take-up. This raised issues about the roles and responsibilities of local researchers in their own communities, where they might be blamed for adverse reactions to vaccination. They and their mentor struggled with balancing societal protection against individual rights to make choices. These themes are explored in two commentaries discussing the difficulties in balancing ethics in public health (prioritising societal benefits), social research (protecting participants from harm and respecting their rights not to be involved) and participatory research practices (maximising democratic participation and decision-making). As discussed in the first commentary, often these cohere, but tensions can arise. The second commentary also raises the issue of epistemic justice, questioning the extent to which the villagers could have a say in the design, implementation and interpretation of the research, and the dangers of not hearing the voices and arguments of people who reject vaccination. The case and commentaries highlight the complexities of PAR and additional challenges in a public health context.
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This book addresses a broad range of issues related to mental health in higher education in Australia, with specific reference to student and staff well-being. It examines the challenges of creating and sustaining more resilient cultures within higher education and the community. Showcasing some of Australia's unique experiences, the authors present a multidisciplinary perspective of mental health supports and services relevant to the higher education landscape. This book examines the different ways Australian higher education institutions responded/are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, with reference to domestic and international students. Through the exploration of practice and research, the authors add to the rich discourses on well-being in the higher education. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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A luta pelo direito à moradia no Brasil continuou existindo durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e precisou adotar novas estratégias diante das restrições sanitárias. Este artigo aborda as reivindicações do movimento do Museu das Remoções e sua atuação em defesa do direito à moradia. A pesquisa baseia-se em dados qualitativos da transcrição de debates realizados em 2020 e 2021 pelo Museu das Remoções com outros movimentos sociais na Internet. Os resultados revelam que os principais desafios enfrentados por movimentos sociais durante a pandemia foram a insuficiência do Estado brasileiro em assegurar o direito à moradia com dignidade nas cidades e a contínua violência nos despejos e nas remoções ocorridos mesmo diante das restrições sanitárias. A pesquisa mostra que a disputa por territórios nos centros urbanos atende fundamentalmente aos interesses do capitalismo imobiliário, capaz de inviabilizar inclusive o cumprimento de medidas sanitárias em saúde pública em meio a uma pandemia com elevada letalidade.Alternate :The struggle for the right to housing in Brazil continued to exist during the Covid-19 pandemic and had to adopt new strategies in the face of health restrictions. This article addresses the demands of the Museum of Removals movement and its performance in defense of the right to housing. The research is based on qualitative data from the transcript of debates held in 2020 and 2021 by the Removals Museum with other social movements on the internet. The results reveal that the main challenges faced by social movements during the pandemic were the failure of the Brazilian State to ensure the right to housing with dignity in cities and the continuous violence in evictions and removals that occurred even in the face of health restrictions. The research shows that the dispute over territories in urban centers fundamentally serves the interests of real estate capitalism, capable of even making it impossible to comply with sanitary measures in public health in the midst of a pandemic with high lethality.
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This article comprises a short case exemplifying ethical challenges arising for a participatory researcher working with Afghan women refugees during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. The researcher is an Iranian-German woman, qualified as a midwife, undertaking doctoral research on refugees' access to reproductive health care. Disclosures about some women's experience of domestic violence are made, which raise ethical issues for the researcher relating to personal-professional boundaries, roles and responsibilities. Two commentaries are given on this case from participatory researchers based in Germany, UK and Austria. Both commentaries highlight the relevance of the ethics of care for participatory research and for this research in particular, which entails very close relationships between the doctoral researcher and the refugee women with whom she is researching. The first commentary analyses the research process in terms of Tronto's five phases of care, while the second illustrates the importance of caring institutions in supporting researchers working on sensitive topics.
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Background: Children who are neurodiverse have traditionally been segregated from their peers in community-based programs, despite evidence of health benefits of inclusive education. Objectives: This community-initiated project aims to explore barriers and facilitators to inclusive aquatics programming for children with developmental and/or mental health challenges. Methods: Using a participatory-action research methodology, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 14 participants from various stakeholder groups, including parents of children who are neurodiverse, helping professionals, and community programmers. Results: Participants described unique definitions of inclusion, from integration with neurotypical peers, to individualized goal-setting and achievement. Major facilitators include adequate resources, flexibility around accommodations, and motivated staff. Major barriers include social stigma, financial limitations, and lack of communication between caregivers and service providers. Conclusions: Participants felt strongly about the need to improve inclusion practices within aquatics—and other community-based—programs. Increased collaboration between families, community programmers, and helping professionals can foster better inclusion and outcomes for children who are neurodiverse. By incorporating various perspectives into the design of future programs, program administrators can ensure more equitable access such that all children are able to participate.
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Background: Mental health is among the top three research priorities of the CF community [1]. In 2020-21, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Mental Health Research Prioritization Working Group met to designate areas of focus for CF mental health research [2]. To elicit broad input to inform this work, a mixed-methods study was conducted. In June 2020, a 22-item survey was sent via email and social media to CF health care providers, people with CF, family caregivers, and other CF community members. We aimed to analyze qualitative content to add depth to quantitative findings. Method(s): Three hundred fifty-two providers and 693 community members completed the survey, which included three open-ended questions: Q1) When thinking about research topics specific to mental health, where are the current gaps in knowledge that should be prioritized for future research? Q2) Is there anything else regarding mental health and the needs of the community you would like to share? Q3) Considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, are there additional mental health topics that are (Figure Presented) Figure 1.: Cystic fibrosis (CF) mental health research priorities of all respondents according to frequency. Overarching top-line categories and general codes for open-ended survey responses of CF health care providers, people with CF, family caregivers, and other CF community members not covered by the survey questions? Reponses containing more than one main idea were subdivided into topic-specific codable items. For Q1 and Q2, a codebook guided hierarchical placement of each item into an overarching top-line category with corresponding general code and, if applicable, one or more specific codes and populations or settings. A simplified process designated only one major theme per item for Q3. Three teams of one CF researcher and two CF community members coded the first 20% of their assigned items by consensus and then worked in pairs to independently double code the remaining 80%. Two-sided t-tests were adjusted with the Bonferroni correction using a significance level of less than 0.1. Result(s): One thousand three hundred ninety-one provider items and 1638 community items were coded for Q1 and Q2, and 565 provider and 323 community items were coded for Q3. Strong inter-rater agreement was obtained across coding dyads (71-90%). For Q1 and Q2, the most common top-line priorities were mental health conditions;living with CF;screening, assessment, and intervention;systems-level barriers and facilitators;and effects of modulators (Figure 1). Strong agreement was found in the ranking of top priorities by community members and providers, although providers were significantly more likely to mention effects of modulators;screening, assessment, and intervention;and substance misuse, and community members were significantly more likely to mention stress and trauma. Respondents also noted concerns captured by a wide range of specific codes (e.g., access to mental health care, role and life changes, family relationships), populations (e.g., children), and settings (e.g., inpatient). For Q3, isolation and anxiety emerged as the top COVID-19 concerns, with isolation more salient forcommunity members and anxiety for providers. Conclusion(s): Qualitative analysis of a large survey of multiple stakeholders provided input on top research priorities for CF mental health. This information facilitated consideration of diverse perspectives to identify gaps and select areas of focus for future researchCopyright © 2022, European Cystic Fibrosis Society. All rights reserved
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Introduction: Globally, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses fundamental challenges in everyday life. Various controlling measures, including nationwide lockdowns, movement restrictions, travel bans, social distancing, and improved hygiene practices, have been widely introduced to curtail transmission of the disease. Notably, these measures have affected the execution of population health research that typically involves face-to-face data collection. This paper details a subjective reflective account of the challenges and mitigating strategies in conducting a nationwide study during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Challenges and strategies: The research team faced a wide range of challenges in conducting this study. The major categories of challenges were defined as follows: (i) challenges relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as insufficient access to field sites; (ii) challenges related to contextual factors, such as cultural and gender sensitivity and extreme weather events; and (iii) challenges related to data quality and validity. The key mitigating strategies to overcoming these challenges included engaging a local-level field supervisor, hiring data collectors from respective study sites, incorporating team members' reviews of literature and experts' views to develop research instruments, modifying original research instruments, organizing regular meetings and debriefing, adjusting field operation plans, building gender-sensitive teams, understanding local norms and adopting culturally appropriate dress codes, and conducting interviews in local languages. Conclusions: This paper concludes that despite several COVID-19-related challenges coupled with contextual factors, data were successfully collected through timely and successful adaptations of several mitigating strategies. The strategies adopted in this study may be useful for overcoming unforeseeable challenges in planning and conducting future population-based health research in similar circumstances elsewhere.
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COVID-19 , Population Health , Humans , Pandemics , Bangladesh/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Communicable Disease ControlABSTRACT
Objective: To map research protocols, publications, and collaborations on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) developed in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods: Included were research protocols registered in international platforms and research publications containing populations, data, or authors from LAC. The source of information for protocols was primarily the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP) of the World Health Organization; for publications, specific electronic databases and repositories pertaining to COVID-19 were used. The search for publications was conducted up to 11 November; the search for protocols, up to 30 November 2020 (both dates inclusive). Data was extracted from protocols using standardized variables from the ICTRP, and from publications following pre-established criteria. Results: Among the protocols, 63.0% were therapeutic studies, 10% focused on prevention, and 45% were collaborative; 64% of the protocols received no funding from industry; 23% of the publications were not peer-reviewed and 23% were collaborative in nature. The most frequent study designs were systematic reviews and cross-sectional studies; 47.1% of studies were conducted in health facilities and 22% in community settings; 38.0% focused on diagnosis and 27.9% on prognosis. A qualitative synthesis was performed by line of care and approach strategies. Conclusions: There was an increase in the number of collaborative research studies relative to earlier studies and in protocols not funded by industry. The proposed research agenda was covered in large part as the pandemic unfolded.
Objetivo: Mapear protocolos de pesquisa, publicações e colaborações sobre a doença causada pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19, na sigla em inglês) desenvolvidos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC). Métodos: Foram incluídos protocolos registrados em plataformas internacionais e publicações de pesquisas que consideraram população, dados e autores da ALC. A fonte de informação para os protocolos foi principalmente a Plataforma Internacional de Registros de Ensaios Clínicos (ICTRP, na sigla em inglês) da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para as publicações, foram utilizadas bases de dados eletrônicas e repositórios específicos sobre COVID-19. As publicações foram pesquisadas até 11 de novembro, e os protocolos, até 30 de novembro de 2020 (inclusive). As informações dos protocolos foram extraídas de acordo com variáveis padronizadas da plataforma ICTRP e das publicações, segundo critérios pré-estabelecidos. Resultados: Dos protocolos, 63% eram estudos sobre terapias, 10% sobre prevenção e 45% eram colaborativos. Em relação ao financiamento, 64% dos protocolos não vieram da indústria. Em relação às publicações, 23% eram sem revisão por pares e 23% eram colaborativas. Os delineamentos mais frequentes foram revisões sistemáticas e estudos transversais; 47,1% foram realizados em serviços de saúde e 22% no âmbito comunitário; 38,0% focaram no diagnóstico e 27,9% no prognóstico. Realizou-se uma síntese qualitativa segundo a linha de cuidado e as estratégias de abordagem. Conclusões: Observou-se um aumento no número de pesquisas colaborativas (em comparação com estudos anteriores) e de protocolos não financiados pela indústria. A agenda de pesquisa proposta foi coberta, em grande parte, à medida que a pandemia progredia.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted in one way or another all sectors of activity, rapidly moving from a sanitary crisis to become a socio-economic one. Higher education has been particularly affected, due to social distancing imperatives and the need to develop alternate ways of delivery relying on technology and distance learning. When the pandemic hit, it highlighted the digital unpreparedness of North African (NA) universities, as they responded quickly so as not to lose what remained of the academic year. They needed to provide resources for distance learning, ensure that faculty and staff were committed and dedicated to the success of the endeavor, and develop student support mechanisms. But the pedagogical challenges faced by all NA universities also pointed to opportunities for improvements in teaching and research. As many were to point out, COVID-19 did not introduce distance learning, it simply accelerated an ongoing process. Leading world universities were already on a trajectory towards the incorporation of technology into pedagogy, for the advantages it offers in terms of data access and processing, wider access to resources, cost of education, shared coursework and competencies, collaborative research, and interactivity at all levels. On a strategic plan, the pandemic also drew the attention of NA universities to the larger question of preparedness for the fourth industrial revolution, digitalization, and digital transformation. As international higher education shifts toward science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and data science programs in order to face the ever-increasing mass of data now available, NA universities and educational decision makers are now also realizing the eventual costs of being left behind. Digitalizing course offerings is but a small part of the role universities have to play in promoting innovation and socio-economic development, through upskilling the current workforce, appropriately training that of tomorrow, and orienting research towards artificial intelligence. Recent initiatives taken in the region may be good indicators of what life after COVID-19 will look like in NA universities. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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The COVID-19 Research Database is a public data platform. This platform is a result of private and public partnerships across industries to facilitate data sharing and promote public health research. We analyzed its linked database and examined claims of 2,850,831 unique persons to investigate the influence of demographic, socio-economic, and behavioral factors on telehealth utilization in the low-income population. Our results suggest that patients who had higher education, income, and full-time employment were more likely to use telehealth. Patients who had unhealthy behaviors such as smoking were less likely to use telehealth. Our findings suggest that interventions to bolster education, employment, and healthy behaviors should be considered to promote the use of telehealth services. © 2023 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
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The reliance on data donation from citizens as a driver for research, known as citizen science, has accelerated during the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic. An important enabler of this is Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as mobile phones and wearable devices, that allow continuous data collection and convenient sharing. However, potentially sensitive health data raises privacy and security concerns for citizens, which research institutions and industries must consider. In e-commerce or social network studies of citizen science, a privacy calculus related to user perceptions is commonly developed, capturing the information disclosure intent of the participants. In this study, we develop a privacy calculus model adapted for IoT-based health research using citizen science for user engagement and data collection. Based on an online survey with 85 participants, we make use of the privacy calculus to analyse the respondents' perceptions. The emerging privacy personas are clustered and compared with previous research, resulting in three distinct personas which can be used by designers and technologists who are responsible for developing suitable forms of data collection. These are the 1) Citizen Science Optimist, the 2) Selective Data Donor, and the 3) Health Data Controller. Together with our privacy calculus for citizen science based digital health research, the three privacy personas are the main contributions of this study.
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Online research methods have risen in popularity over recent decades, particularly in the wake of COVID-19. We conducted five online workshops capturing the experiences of participatory health researchers in relation to power, as part of a collaborative project to develop global knowledge systems on power in participatory health research. These workshops included predominantly academic researchers working in 24 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Here, we reflect on the opportunities, limitations, and key considerations of using online workshops for knowledge generation and shared learning. The online workshop approach offers the potential for cross-continental knowledge exchange and for the amplification of global South voices. However, this study highlights the need for deeper exploration of power dynamics exposed by online platform use, particularly the ‘digital divide' between academic partners and community co-researchers. Further research is needed to better understand the role of online platforms in generating more inclusive knowledge systems.
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The purpose of our qualitative health research study was to understand the experiences of Ontarians who accompanied someone throughout their dying process using medical assistance in dying (MAiD). The second phase used digital stories as a method to examine and share these experiences at the end of life. And then the COVID-19 pandemic hit, and we faced a pivot to our original plan. This pivot resulted in reinforcing the myriad benefits of using digital storytelling in qualitative health research. And rather than detracting from the initial study, we also learned that digital storytelling is a flexible method that can be creatively, compassionately, and effectively conducted in virtual spaces. We will employ digital storytelling in future qualitative health research as both a component of studies but also as a conduit for explorations of other tools of data collection and dissemination. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Qualitative Methods is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Digital technology offers older people an excellent opportunity to cope independently, which has become particularly apparent now in times of the COVID-19 crisis. Computers and smart devices provide additional access to a variety of online health-related information and communication with healthcare professionals, as well as digital health-related applications. Research suggests that while men are interested in digital solutions, women are more likely to seek online health information and exhibit better health behavior. The article aims to critically examine gender differences in digital technology acceptance for health purposes, online health information seeking, and COVID-19 vaccine readiness among older adults living in the small Eastern European country of Estonia. Data on the 65+ age group (65 men and 116 women) were derived from a larger survey, which contained a representative sample in terms of gender, age, and nationality and was conducted among Estonian older adults in 2020. In light of the findings of earlier research, it was surprising to learn that 65+ men in Estonia take a slightly greater interest in health information compared to their female peers, which could result from men's poorer health status. Although it was more important for women to have access to a doctor from a distance, men expressed more avid interest in various digital health gadgets and services. As it happens, they were also more willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Thus, this study positively dispels the myth that men are dismissive about their health and information regarding it. The results of the study imply that older people in Estonia, well-educated men in particular, are enthusiastic digital technology users for health purposes which could prove to be valuable insight to those responsible for should be taken into account when developing digital services and health campaigns.
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À partir de données recueillies auprès de 18 directeurs, présidents et managers de l'ESS, entre les deux périodes de confinement de la covid 19, cette recherche étudie les choix stratégiques, managériaux, économiques et de gouvernance des entreprises de l'ESS pour mieux comprendre leurs capacités de résilience organisationnelle. En s'appuyant sur les travaux d'Hamel et Välikangas (2003), il s'agit de savoir si cette crise sanitaire annonce une mutation du secteur de l'ESS en interne comme en externe.Alternate :Based on data collected from 18 directors, presidents and managers of the non-profit organisations (NPOs), between the two periods of lockdown due to the covid 19 health crisis, this research proposes to study the strategic, managerial, economic and governance of NPOs to better understand their organizational resilience capacities. Based on the work of Hamel and Välikangas (2003), the question is whether this health crisis heralds a change in the non-profit sector internally and externally.
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As clinical trials evolve, the oversight by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) has also evolved to meet everexpanding needs for both efficiency and changing regulatory requirements in the protection of human subjects. The most significant regulatory change to occur was the change to the Revised Common Rule Research Provision (45 CFR 46.114(b)) that went into effect on 20 January 2020, requiring all cooperative research subject to the Common Rule to use a single Institutional Review Board (sIRB) to review the research. Since the Common Rule affects all federally funded research, clinical trialists performing multicenter trials using federal grants are now required to use an sIRB instead of individual IRBs at each research site in their trials. For those multicenter trialists, using an sIRB offers efficiencies in time and effort which can aid in bringing trial results to fruition both faster and at a lower cost while still providing protection to human subjects. While commercial sIRBs have been available for many years, sIRBs placed at academic institutions and health care systems are relatively new. They can offer the benefit of lower cost for trialists within an institution, and better overall trial management by having more frequent communication and discussion regarding trial issues as well as improved safety management through aggregate safety review. They can also offer increased speed of research review with cooperative planning between trialist and the sIRB representatives. This session will focus on the use of sIRBs from various perspectives to give the view from an academic sIRB, from end users of both an academic sIRB and a health system IRB, and guidance from a clinical regulatory specialist regarding maintaining a trial master file while using an sIRB. Mr. Jarrod Feld from the University of Iowa will present from his perspective as the External IRB Coordinator at the University of Iowa. Mr. Feld coordinates reliance and compliance for University of Iowa human research studies which use the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board as their sIRB, and studies where Iowa relies on another institutional IRB. Mr. Feld also provides guidance to investigators on using an sIRB. Using his experience, Mr. Feld will outline the nature of reliance agreements, discuss working with a range of local IRBs to develop understanding regarding the reliance program and outline best practices for using an sIRB, and discuss enhanced safety management oversight when using an sIRB for large multisite trial. Ms. Tina Neill-Hudson from the University of Iowa will present from her experience as the sIRB Liaison for both the Acute to Chronic Pain Signature (A2CPS) Consortium, an NIH (National Institutes of Health)- funded multisite observational trial, and the Fibromyalgia and TENS in Physical Therapy Study (FM TIPS) study, an NIH-funded embedded pragmatic clinical trial. Ms. Neill-Hudson works with relying sites on completing the necessary regulatory documents needed for reliance agreements and sIRB approval. Ms. Neill-Hudson will discuss the process for obtaining reliance for institutions who may or may not have local IRB oversight and provide examples of specific steps and procedures for obtaining sIRB approval in a timely manner. Ms. Neill-Hudson will speak to the importance of having an sIRB liaison on the study team and the use of SMART IRB. Ms. Catherine Gladden from MassGeneral Brigham will present on using an sIRB for multicenter NIHfunded trials. Ms. Gladden will discuss the use of a Consortium-level reliance agreement and role of the local IRBs. Ms. Gladden oversees the sIRB liaison team at the Coordinating Center for the NeuroNEXT Network and works with the sIRB and local IRBs to ensure local policies and requirements are followed while maintaining compliance with the sIRB and the NeuroNEXT reliance agreement. Ms. Gladden will be discussing best practices for using an sIRB in a multicenter trial and discuss the experience of using an sIRB in the safety management plan. Ms. Cynthia Diltz from the University of Iowa wi l present on the topic of managing a trial master file while using an sIRB. Ms. Diltz will speak on her experience with electronic trial master files versus hard copy master files, and in using commercial software for trial master file management. Using an electronic trial master file is a necessity in the scheme of using an sIRB to assist sponsors and individual clinical research sites to view Institutional Review Board documents in real time and to provide a single storage location for documentation of Institutional Review Board approvals and activities such as continuing review. This session is timely due to the change to the Common Rule mandating the use of an sIRB for all research subject to the Common Rule, which has the most significant impact on trialists at academic institutions and health care systems. In an era of the need for timely study results for use in addressing urgent public health policy concerns, using an sIRB is becoming a necessity. The speed with which clinical trials need to be managed by an IRB has accelerated during recent public health care crises, notably the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it is likely that there will be changes to local IRBs as the norm becomes using an sIRB for any research subject to the Common Rule. Investigators and clinical site staff will require education on the evolution of human subject's protection and research review happening at an sIRB instead of within their local IRBs, and assistance in understanding the process and planning for success will be crucial.
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Black Canadians and Americans experience disparities in access to quality mental health care and mental health overall. Implicit biases are unconscious, automatically activated attitudes and stereotypes, with the potential to yield racist behaviors. To date, research has focused on health provider bias and resultant consequences in the decision-making/treatment of racialized groups. Little has been done to characterize implicit anti-Black biases within White and non-White members of the general population or examine the relationship between biases and Black people's mental wellness. Black-White Implicit Association Test (BW-IAT;n = 450,185) data were used to detect the presence of implicit biases within 10 ethnoracial groups and compare Bias Scores between Canada and the United States. Mean BW-IAT Bias Scores were also assessed against participant explicit biases using warmth ratings and the Modern Racism Scale (MRS). Finally, state-level BW-IAT scores were used to predict state-based Black American mental health-related mortality using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) data set. Findings indicated: (a) the most ethnoracial groups have anti-Black implicit biases;(b) Canadian and American implicit biases are near identical;(c) explicit and implicit Bias Scores are weakly related, and Canadian and American explicit biases are near identical;and (d) implicit bias predicts poor mental health outcomes for Black Americans, even when controlling for explicit bias and White outcomes. This work underscores the need to dismantle ideologies of White superiority and the resultant oppressive attitudes, stereotypes, and behaviors present in the general population. This work also calls for accessible, province-level, race-based mental health data on underserved groups.Alternate :Les Canadiens noirs et les Afro-Américains font face à des disparités en ce qui concerne leur accès à des soins de santé mentale et particulièrement des soins de santé mentale de qualité. Les préjugés implicites sont des attitudes et des stéréotypes inconscients, soient des pensées automatiques, qui peuvent potentiellement provoquer des comportements racistes. Jusqu'à présent, les recherches à ce sujet ont mis une emphase sur les préjugés des prestataires de soins de santé et les conséquences qui en découlent dans la prise de décision et le traitement des groupes racialisés. Peu d'études ont été menées dans le but de mettre en évidence les préjugés implicites anti-Noirs chez les personnes de race blanche et les personnes d'autres races parmi la population générale ou d'examiner la relation entre les préjugés et le bien-être mental des Noirs. Les données du Black-White Implicit Association Test (BW-IAT;n = 450 185) ont été utilisées pour déterminer la présence de préjugés implicites au sein de 10 groupes ethnoraciaux et comparer les scores des préjugés entre le Canada et les États-Unis. Les scores moyens des préjugés du BW-IAT ont également été évalués par rapport aux préjugés explicites des participants à l'aide des warmth ratings et du Modern Racism Scale. Par la suite, les scores BW-IAT dans les différents États ont été utilisés pour prédire le taux de mortalité lié à la santé mentale des Noirs américains à l'aide de l'ensemble de données CDC WONDER. Les résultats indiquent que (1) la plupart des groupes ethnoraciaux ont des préjugés implicites anti-Noirs;(2) les préjugés implicites canadiens et américains sont presque identiques;(3) les scores de préjugés explicites et implicites ont une faible corrélation, et les préjugés explicites canadiens et américains sont presque identiques;et (4) les préjugés implicites prédisent de conséquences négatives sur la santé mentale des Noirs américains, même en contrôlant les préjugés explicites et les résultats des personnes blanches. Ces travaux soulignent la nécessité de démanteler, au sein de la population dans son ensemble, es idéologies de supériorité de la race blanche et les attitudes, stéréotypes et comportements oppressifs qui en découlent. Ce travail appelle également à l'accessibilité des données sur la santé mentale axées sur la race des groupes faiblement desservis, au niveau provincial.
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The understanding of what ethnography looks like, and its purpose, is continuously evolving. COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to ethnographers, particularly those working in health-related research. Researchers have developed alternative forms of ethnography to overcome some of these challenges;we developed the Mobile Instant Messaging Ethnography (MIME) adaptation to ethnography in 2021 to overcome restrictions to our own research with hospital doctors. However, for ethnographic innovations to make a substantial contribution to methodology, they should not simply be borne of necessity, but of a dedicated drive to expand paradigms of research, to empower participant groups and to produce change – in local systems, in participant-collaborators and in researchers and the research process itself. In this paper, we reflect on our experiences using MIME, involving collaborative remote observation and reflection with 28 hospital doctors in Ireland from June to December 2021. After reviewing literature on ethnography in COVID-19 and general epistemological developments in ethnography, we detail the MIME approach and illustrate how MIME presents an evolution of the ethnographic approach, not only practically but in terms of its reflexive shift, its connected and co-creative foundations, and its ability to drive change in research approaches, participant life-worlds and real-world improvement.
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COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, and COVID-19 patients are in a medical dilemma with no effective treatment and no effective drugs. The questions and answers in the social Q&A community can reveal the characteristics and evolution rules of the health information needs of COVID-19 patients. Using the Q&A data in Baidu Zhidao (https://zhidao.baidu.com/ ) as the research object, using the web crawlers to capture the data, automatic topic recognition on the acquired data by constructing an LDA topic model, exploring the content of COVID-19 patients' health information needs, and revealing the change rule of Q&A publication volume and health information need topics from the time dimension. Combining statistical information such as the number of answers, the number of likes, and the level of respondents, cluster analysis is used to reveal the changing rules of social characteristics and health information need topics. By analyzing the Q&A data on COVID-19 patients in Baidu Zhidao, it is found that the topic distribution of health information needs topic is relatively concentrated. Moreover, the number of Q&A and the types of health information needs to be changed in different development periods. There are differences in social characteristics that correspond to different topics of health information needs. Through in-depth analysis of the characteristics of health information needs of COVID-19 patients in the social Q&A community, on the one hand, it is beneficial for COVID-19 patients to obtain the required health information content timely. On the other hand, it is beneficial to optimize the community information display mechanism and improve the organization of information resources. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 posed a significant threat to adolescents' sexual and reproductive health and rights (ASRHR), with disproportionate impacts on disadvantaged groups. However, existing research has not centered adolescents' experiences or expertise. Youth-led participatory action research (YPAR) is a collaborative approach to research that recognizes young people as experts to generate knowledge, empower youth, and catalyze action to improve their health. The objective of this study was to support three teams of youth researchers in developing and implementing their own research projects examining the impact of COVID-19 on an ASRHR issue of their choosing, using YPAR methodology. Method(s): Purposive sampling was used to recruit four teams of female-identified youth researchers (ages 16-19 years) in three high-priority regions of Ontario, Canada. Interested youth were interviewed to gauge motivation, relevant intersectional experiences, interest in collaborating, and sense of service to their communities. Selected youth completed a five-day virtual training covering critical thinking, ASRHR, qualitative/quantitative data collection and analysis, research ethics, and project logistics. Each youth team was paired with two adult research mentors and engaged in a four step YPAR process depicted in Figure 1. Youth researchers received compensation for their work and were included as study collaborators. This study was approved by IRB. Result(s): Team 1 identified barriers to having SRH needs met during COVID-19 for assigned females 13-21 yrs old in London, Ontario, using survey methodology. They found that among 58 assigned-female youth, 50% reported difficulties accessing sexual health-related treatment during COVID-19. Team 2 sought to understand how the intersectional identities of youth in Hamilton and Niagara Falls regions influenced experiences of sex education, using in-depth interviews. Key themes were the need to recognize diversity, that the relevance of sex ed changes as adolescence progresses, and that sex ed should focus on positive sexuality. Team 3 identified factors that influenced access to SRH products for teens in Northern Ontario using a survey of 114 adolescents. They found 32% of respondents experienced barriers to buying sexual health products locally, including stigma, cost, distance, disability, and 2SLGBTQIA+ identity. See https://www.shareproject.ca Conclusion(s): This study amplified youth voices through a social justice-framed approach to examining ASRHR during the COVID-19 pandemic. Centering the perspectives, values and experiences of youth introduced the potential to positively impact the youth researchers themselves, while yielding results that were relevant, meaningful, adolescent-responsive and culturally-informed. Supporting Figures or Tables https://www.abstractscorecard.com/uploads/Tasks/upload/19245/RGXGDRUQ-1380706-1-ANY.docxCopyright © 2023